Impact of the Variability of Vegetation, Soil Moisture, and Building Density between City Districts on Land Surface Temperature, Warsaw, Poland

The temperature of a city’s surface is influenced by many factors, including human-dependent ones that can be shaped, such as the urban density, condition vegetation, presence water bodies, and soil moisture. Knowledge on this subject allows for improving climate through better planning construction infrastructure adapting cities to change avoiding deadly heat waves increasingly threatening European cities. So far, mainly first three factors have been studied particularly well, while there no in-depth research impact moisture in literature. This article fills gap analyzing all abovementioned Warsaw, large agglomeration, located temperate zone. Due exceptionally war damage Warsaw during World War II, rapid postwar reconstruction, significant expansion, city characterized very diversity development density much larger amount green areas compared most cities, old Western agglomerations. scientific novelty work also fact content was analyzed using TVDI/qTVDI (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index Estimation) indexes obtained so-called triangle methods NDVI-LST space, based satellite observations. Such analyses not performed so far areas, article, new results were subject. For example, Pearson’s correlation coefficients between LST, NDBI, NDVI, qTVDI calculated entire area 8 August 2020 0.78, 0.45, −0.35, respectively. Another important aspect it includes comparative studies Earth’s at level different districts. As result, possible more effectively study scale local administrative units. Thanks results, planners will able reduce hazard risks caused change.